Wednesday 22 November 2006

Today is election day

Some introduction to our system, from Wikipedia: 

The Politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is described as a consociational state. Dutch politics and governance are characterized by a common strife for broad consensus on important issues, within both the political community and society as a whole.

Cabinet

Main article: Cabinet of the Netherlands

The government of the Netherlands constitutionally consists of the Queen, the ministers and the junior minister. The Queen's role is limited to the formation of government and she does not actively interfere in daily decisionmaking. The ministers together form the Council of Ministers. This council initiates laws and policy. It meets every friday in the Trêveszaal at the Binnenhof. Most of the ministers head government ministries, since 1939 it is possible to appoint ministers without portfolio.

The Cabinet is composed of all cabinet ministers and junior ministers, the staatssecretarissen. Junior ministers take over part of responsibilities of minister. They only attend the meetings of the Council of Ministers if the Council invites them regarding a specific subject.

The Council of Ministers makes decisions by means of collegial governance. All ministers, including the Prime Minister, are (theoretically) equal. Behind the closed doors of the Trêveszaal, ministers can freely debate proposed decisions and express their opinion on any aspect of cabinet policy. Once a decision is made by the council, all individual members are bound by it and are obliged to support it publicly. If a member of the cabinet does not agree with a particular decision he will have to step down. Generally much effort is put into reaching relative consensus on any decision. A process of voting within the Council does exist, but is hardly ever used.

The cabinet is collectively responsible to Parliament, and must enjoy its confidence. It is not possible to for a minister to be a member of parliament, although many ministers are selected from parliament and have to give up their seat as a result. Ministers or junior ministers who are no longer supported by a parliamentary majority are expected by convention to step down.

As a result of the electoral system and the lack of dominating parties, coalition cabinets, composed out of two or three parties, are the norm.

Prime Minister

Main article: Prime Minister of the Netherlands

The official task of the Prime Minister is to coordinate government policy. He is chairman of the Council of Ministers and as such has the power to set the agenda of its meetings. In addition, the Prime minister is also Minister of General Affairs. The task of this small department is basically supporting the Prime Minister in his tasks as described above and organizing publicity around government proposals and decisions. The position of the Prime Minister has become more important since the Second World War.

States-General

Main articles: States-General of the Netherlands and Elections in the Netherlands

The Dutch Parliament or States-General consists of a Lower House or Second Chamber and an Upper House or First Chamber, also referred to as the Senate. Both houses of Parliament discuss proposed legislation and review of the actions of the cabinet. The Second Chamber also has the right to propose or amend legislation.

Members of the Second Chamber, generally considered the more important House, are elected directly every four years with a Party-list proportional representation. Members are chosen on personal title, so in the relatively rare case that a member no longer agrees with his (or her) party, the member can decide to stay in the chamber, either as an independent representative, or connected to another parliamentary. Currently four members of the Second Chamber have split from their parliamentary party and form a one person parliamentary party. If a member decides to resign, the empty seat falls to the original party collecting the votes, and can be filled by a member of that party. Coalition governments may fall before their term ends, which usually results in early dissolution of the Second Chamber and new elections.

Members of the First Chamber are elected indirectly by provincial councillors, again every four years, just after the elections of the provincial councils, via a system of proportional representation. This election method reflects the historical roots of the First Chamber as a representative body of the different regional entities that formed the Netherlands. Nowadays, the Senate is mainly considered to be a body of elderly statesmen reconsidering legislation at ease, away from the pressure of daily political and media hypes.

Polls present it will be again a close call between the Christian Democratic Appeal and the Labour Party, but also think the Socialist Party will be florishing.

Will elect later today.


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